Don Braggins, "3-D Inspection and Measurement: Solid Choices for Industrial Vision," Advanced Imaging, Oct., Vol. 9, No. 10, pp. 36-39 (1994).

Robert L. Cromwell, "Sensors and processors enable robots to see and understand," Laser Focus World, March, pp. 67-68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82 (1993).

Kevin G. Harding, "Current State-of-the-Art of Contouring Techniques in Manufacturing," Proceedings of The SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering, L.I.A. Vol. 40, pp. 1-11 (1989).

Yoshiaki Shirai, Three-Dimensional Computer Vision, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987), ISBN 0-387-15119-2.

T. C. Strand, "Optical Three-Dimensional Sensing for Machine Vision," Optical Engineering, Jan/Feb., Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 33-40 (1985).

Terry T. Wohlers, "3D Digitizers," Computer Graphics World, July, p. 73 (1992).

Terry T. Wohlers, "3D Digitizing Systems," Computer Graphics World, Vol. 17, No. 24, April 1, pp. 59-61 (1994).

H. D. Wolpert, "Autoranging/Autofocus - A Survey of Systems," Photonics-Spectra, June, p. 165; August, p. 127, September, pp. 133-42 Vol. 21, No. 8 and No. 9. (1987).

[2] Paul Wieland and Hans J. Tiziani, "Computer synchronized 3-D Triangulation sensor for robot vision," Conference on Optics, Illumination and Image Sensing, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 1822, pp. 168-74 (1992).

Marc Rioux, "Laser range finder based on synchronized scanners," Applied Optics, Nov. 1, Vol. 23, No. 21, pp. 3837-44 (1984).

[3]Jenkins and White, Fundamentals of Optics, (McGraw Hill, New York, 1950), p. 327.

[4] Tom DeWitt, "Novel methods for the acquisition and display of three-dimensional surfaces," Optical and Digital Pattern Recognition, SPIE Conference Proceedings, Vol. 754, pp. 55-63. (1987).

[5] Equation (3) was first published in reference [4]. Equation (6) was first published by Tom DeWitt in "A Guide to 3-D Surface Acquisition," Proceedings of SCAN 90 (Symposium of the Computers in the Arts Network, University of the Arts, Phila., PA, Nov., pp. 40-46 (1990).

[6] Thomas DeWitt, Range Finding by Diffraction, U.S. Patent 4,678,324, Jul. 7 (1987).

Thomas DeWitt, Range Finding by Diffraction, European Patent, 0,343,158 B1, May 25 (1994).

[7]InterScience, Inc., J. Woo (Principal Investigator), "Near Field Ranging for Robotic Vision Applications", NSF SBIR Final Report, Grant No. ISI-8761135.

[8]Henry Stark, "The field produced by a grating in the Fresnel zone of a point source," commissioned report to Raytel , Inc., 1985 (Note: This unpublished document became the basis of the InterScience, Inc. NSF SBIR Report.⁷ Stark's consultancy had been solicited by Thomas DeWitt who was then at Raytel.).

[9] Julie Parker, "Sketch for a possible probe design," (private communication with Thomas DeWitt, Box 83, Ancramdale, NY, 12503, Dec. 1, 1993).

¹⁰ Rudolf Kingslake, Optics in Photography, SPIE, pp. 35-7 (1992).

[11] Steven J. Gordon, "Real-time 3D range sensor," Conference on Industrial Applications of Optical Inspection, Metrology and Sensing, SPIE Vol. 1821, p. 312 (1992).